SEC Filing | AeroVironment, Inc.

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended August 1, 2020

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-33261

AEROVIRONMENT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		95-2705790
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

900 Innovators Way
Simi Valley, California		93065
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(805) 520-8350

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	AVAV	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☒		Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☐

		Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of September 2, 2020, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value, was 24,104,319.

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AeroVironment, Inc.

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Item 1.	Financial Statements :
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of August 1, 2020 (Unaudited) and April 30, 2020	3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended August 1, 2020 (Unaudited) and July 27, 2019 (Unaudited)	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended August 1, 2020 (Unaudited) and July 27, 2019 (Unaudited)	5
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended August 1, 2020 (Unaudited) and July 27, 2019 (Unaudited)	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended August 1, 2020 (Unaudited) and July 27, 2019 (Unaudited)	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	30
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	30

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	31
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	31
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	32
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	32
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	32
Item 5.	Other Information	32
Item 6.	Exhibits	33
Signatures		34

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AeroVironment, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands except share and per share data)


	August 1,		April 30,
	2020		2020
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	246,839	$	255,142
Short-term investments		71,334		47,507
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,054 at August 1, 2020 and $1,190 at April 30, 2020		43,357		73,660
Unbilled receivables and retentions (inclusive of related party unbilled receivables of $28,143 at August 1, 2020 and $15,779 at April 30, 2020)		73,791		75,837
Inventories		45,530		45,535
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		5,941		6,246
Total current assets		486,792		503,927
Long-term investments		20,338		15,030
Property and equipment, net		22,907		21,694
Operating lease right-of-use assets		13,612		8,793
Deferred income taxes		5,262		4,928
Intangibles, net		12,928		13,637
Goodwill		6,340		6,340
Other assets		9,640		10,605
Total assets	$	577,819	$	584,954
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	11,740	$	19,859
Wages and related accruals		13,025		23,972
Customer advances		5,725		7,899
Current operating lease liabilities		4,478		3,380
Income taxes payable		2,620		1,065
Other current liabilities		8,735		10,778
Total current liabilities		46,323		66,953
Non-current operating lease liabilities		10,344		6,833
Other non-current liabilities		243		250
Liability for uncertain tax positions		1,017		1,017
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value:
Authorized shares—10,000,000; none issued or outstanding at August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020		—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value:
Authorized shares—100,000,000
Issued and outstanding shares—24,104,564 shares at August 1, 2020 and 24,063,639 shares at April 30, 2020		2		2
Additional paid-in capital		181,406		181,481
Accumulated other comprehensive income		351		328
Retained earnings		338,170		328,090
Total AeroVironment, Inc. stockholders’ equity		519,929		509,901
Noncontrolling interest		(37)		—
Total equity		519,892		509,901
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	577,819	$	584,954

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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AeroVironment, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(In thousands except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
	2020		2019
Revenue:
Product sales	$	58,357	$	65,839
Contract services (inclusive of related party revenue of $16,386 and $12,335 for the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, respectively)		29,093		21,072
		87,450		86,911
Cost of sales:
Product sales		32,084		30,408
Contract services		19,955		15,231
		52,039		45,639
Gross margin:
Product sales		26,273		35,431
Contract services		9,138		5,841
		35,411		41,272
Selling, general and administrative		12,011		13,668
Research and development		11,103		8,709
Income from operations		12,297		18,895
Other income:
Interest income, net		208		1,329
Other income, net		33		355
Income before income taxes		12,538		20,579
Provision for income taxes		1,207		2,133
Equity method investment loss, net of tax		(1,288)		(1,347)
Net income		10,043		17,099
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		37		11
Net income attributable to AeroVironment, Inc.	$	10,080	$	17,110
Net income per share attributable to AeroVironment, Inc.
Basic	$	0.42	$	0.72
Diluted	$	0.42	$	0.71
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic		23,893,001		23,745,199
Diluted		24,186,228		24,069,933

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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AeroVironment, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
	2020		2019
Net income	$	10,043	$	17,099
Other comprehensive income:
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments		75		169
Unrealized loss on investments, net of deferred tax expense of $4 for the three months ended August 1, 2020		(52)		—
Total comprehensive income		10,066		17,268
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		37		11
Comprehensive income attributable to AeroVironment, Inc.	$	10,103	$	17,279

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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AeroVironment, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019 (Unaudited)

(In thousands except share data)


								Accumulated
				Additional				Other		Total		Non-
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive		AeroVironment, Inc.		Controlling
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Income		Equity		Interest		Total
Balance at April 30, 2020	24,063,639	$	2	$	181,481	$	328,090	$	328	$	509,901	$	—	$	509,901
Net income	—		—		—		10,080		—		10,080		(37)		10,043
Unrealized loss on investments	—		—		—		—		(52)		(52)		—		(52)
Foreign currency translation	—		—		—		—		75		75		—		75
Stock options exercised	3,500		—		86		—		—		86		—		86
Restricted stock awards	60,592		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock awards forfeited	(270)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Tax withholding payment related to net share settlement of equity awards	(22,897)		—		(1,756)		—		—		(1,756)		—		(1,756)
Stock based compensation	—		—		1,595		—		—		1,595		—		1,595
Balance at August 1, 2020	24,104,564	$	2	$	181,406	$	338,170	$	351	$	519,929	$	(37)	$	519,892

								Accumulated
				Additional				Other		Total		Non-
	Common Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Comprehensive		AeroVironment, Inc.		Controlling
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Income		Equity		Interest		Total
Balance at April 30, 2019	23,946,293	$	2	$	176,216	$	286,351	$	2	$	462,571	$	4	$	462,575
Adoption of ASU 2018-09	—		—		—		665		—		665		—		665
Net income	—		—		—		17,110		—		17,110		(11)		17,099
Foreign currency translation	—		—		—		—		169		169		—		169
Stock options exercised	3,000		—		93		—		—		93		—		93
Restricted stock awards	57,861		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock awards forfeited	(4,720)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Tax withholding payment related to net share settlement of equity awards	(11,975)		—		(668)		—		—		(668)		—		(668)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		1,566		—		—		1,566		—		1,566
Balance at July 27, 2019	23,990,459	$	2	$	177,207	$	304,126	$	171	$	481,506	$	(7)	$	481,499

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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AeroVironment, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
	2020		2019
Operating activities
Net income	$	10,043	$	17,099
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,779		2,079
Losses from equity method investments		1,288		1,347
Realized gain from sale of available-for-sale investments		(11)		—
Provision for doubtful accounts		(136)		11
Other non-cash expense		—		32
Non-cash lease expense (income)		1,190		(251)
Loss on foreign currency transactions		1		1
Deferred income taxes		(339)		(349)
Stock-based compensation		1,595		1,566
Loss (gain) on sale of property and equipment		2		(75)
Amortization of debt securities		(43)		(527)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable		30,439		(11,557)
Unbilled receivables and retentions		2,046		5,112
Inventories		5		(1,946)
Income tax receivable		—		821
Prepaid expenses and other assets		324		(616)
Accounts payable		(7,338)		(5,110)
Other liabilities		(15,004)		(4,524)
Net cash provided by operating activities		26,841		3,113
Investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment		(4,067)		(1,902)
Equity method investments		(1,173)		(4,569)
Business acquisition, net of cash acquired		—		(18,641)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		—		81
Redemptions of held-to-maturity investments		—		65,035
Purchases of held-to-maturity investments		—		(70,463)
Redemptions of available-for-sale investments		41,727		—
Purchases of available-for-sale investments		(69,961)		(2,693)
Net cash used in investing activities		(33,474)		(33,152)
Financing activities
Tax withholding payment related to net settlement of equity awards		(1,756)		(668)
Exercise of stock options		86		93
Net cash used in financing activities		(1,670)		(575)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(8,303)		(30,614)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		255,142		172,708
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	246,839	$	142,094
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash refunded (paid), net during the period for:
Income taxes	$	10	$	(294)
Non-cash activities
Unrealized loss on investments, net of deferred tax expense of $4 for the three months ended August 1, 2020	$	52	$	—
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments	$	75	$	169
Acquisitions of property and equipment included in accounts payable	$	643	$	1,253

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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AeroVironment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

AeroVironment, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), is engaged in the design, development, production, support and operation of unmanned aircraft systems (“UAS”) for various industries and governmental agencies.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions of Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation with respect to the interim financial statements have been included. The results of operations for the three months ended August 1, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year ending April 30, 2021. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto for the year ended April 30, 2020, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, including estimates of anticipated contract costs and revenue utilized in the revenue recognition process, that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and operating results of wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

In December 2017, the Company and SoftBank Corp. (“SoftBank”) formed a joint venture, HAPSMobile, Inc. (“HAPSMobile”). As the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of HAPSMobile, the Company’s investment has been accounted for as an equity method investment. The Company has presented its proportion of HAPSMobile’s net loss in equity method investment activity, net of tax in the consolidated statements of operations. The carrying value of the investment in HAPSMobile was recorded in other assets. Refer to Note 6—Equity Method Investments for further details.

On June 10, 2019, the Company purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding member units of Pulse Aerospace, LLC (“Pulse”) pursuant to the terms of a Unit Purchase Agreement (the “Pulse Purchase Agreement”). The assets, liabilities and operating results of Pulse have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 17—Business Acquisitions for further details.

During the three months ended October 27, 2019, the Company dissolved its wholly-owned subsidiary, Skytower, Inc., the results of which were not material to the consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Effective May 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, along with several additional clarification ASU’s issued during 2018 and 2019, collectively “CECL”. CECL requires the reporting entity to estimate expected credit losses over the life of a financial asset. CECL requires the credit loss to be recognized upon initial recognition of the financial asset. ASU 2016-13 requires the entity to adopt CECL using the modified retrospective transition approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. As part of the assessment of the adequacy of the Company’s allowances for credit losses, the Company

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considered a number of factors including, but not limited to, customer credit ratings, age of receivables, and expected loss rates. However, the adoption of CECL did not have a material impact to retained earnings for the Company.

Effective May 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract” (“ASU 2018-15”). ASU 2018-15 provides guidance on the treatment of accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement. This guidance includes the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement. The Company adopted ASU 2018-15 using the prospective method, applying the new guidance to all implementation costs incurred after adoption. The adoption of ASU 2018-15 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue is generated pursuant to written contractual arrangements to design, develop, manufacture and/or modify complex products and to provide related engineering, technical and other services according to the specifications of the customers. These contracts may be firm fixed price (“FFP”), cost plus fixed fee (“CPFF”), or time and materials (“T&M”). The Company considers all such contracts to be within the scope of ASC Topic 606.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer distinct goods or services to a customer, and it is the unit of account in ASC Topic 606. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognized when each performance obligation under the terms of a contract is satisfied. Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using its observable standalone selling price for products and services. When the standalone selling price is not directly observable, the Company uses its best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract using the cost plus margin approach. This approach estimates the Company’s expected costs of satisfying the performance obligation and then adds an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service.

Contract modifications are routine in the performance of the Company’s contracts. In most instances, contract modifications are for additional goods and/or services that are distinct and, therefore, accounted for as new contracts.

The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time or at a point in time, which accounted for 38% and 62% of revenue during the three months ended August 1, 2020, respectively. Performance obligations are satisfied over time if the customer receives the benefits as the Company performs, if the customer controls the asset as it is being developed or produced, or if the product being produced for the customer has no alternative use and the Company has a contractual right to payment for the Company’s costs incurred to date plus a reasonable margin. The contractual right to payment is generally supported by termination for convenience clauses that allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay the Company for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit, and take control of any work in process. Revenue for tactical missile systems (“TMS”) product deliveries and Customer-Funded Research and Development contracts is recognized over time as costs are incurred. Contract services revenue is composed of revenue recognized on contracts for the provision of services, including repairs and maintenance, training, engineering design, development and prototyping activities, and technical support services. Contract services revenue is recognized over time as services are rendered. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using an input measure (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. Training services are recognized over time using an output method based on days of training completed.

For performance obligations satisfied over time, revenue is generally recognized using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress. Incurred costs represent work performed, which correspond with, and thereby best depict, transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, materials, subcontractors’ costs, other direct costs, and indirect costs applicable on government and commercial contracts.

For performance obligations which are not satisfied over time per the aforementioned criteria above, revenue is

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recognized at the point in time in which each performance obligation is fully satisfied. The Company’s small UAS product sales revenue is composed of revenue recognized on contracts for the delivery of small UAS systems and spare parts. Revenue is recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the customer, which generally occurs when title and risk of loss have passed to the customer.

On August 1, 2020, the Company had approximately $154,418,000 of remaining performance obligations under fully funded contracts with its customers, which the Company also refers to as funded backlog. The Company currently expects to recognize approximately 95% of the remaining performance obligations as revenue in fiscal 2021, an additional 5% in fiscal 2022, and the balance thereafter.

The Company collects sales, value added, and other taxes concurrent with revenue producing activities, which are excluded from revenue when they are both imposed on a specific transaction and collected from a customer.

Contract Estimates

Accounting for contracts and programs primarily with a duration of less than six months involves the use of various techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. For long-term contracts, the Company estimates the total expected costs to complete the contract and recognizes revenue based on the percentage of costs incurred at period end. Typically, revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying the Company’s performance obligations. Incurred costs represent work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, materials, subcontractors’ costs, other direct costs, and indirect costs applicable on government and commercial contracts.

Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that may span several years. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability, the complexity of the work to be performed, the cost and availability of materials, the performance of subcontractors, and the availability and timing of funding from the customer.

The nature of the Company’s contracts gives rise to several types of variable consideration, including penalty fees and incentive awards generally for late delivery and early delivery, respectively. The Company generally estimates such variable consideration as the most likely amount. In addition, the Company includes the estimated variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the related uncertainty is resolved. These estimates are based on historical award experience, anticipated performance and the Company’s best judgment at the time. Because of the certainty in estimating these amounts, they are included in the transaction price of the Company’s contracts and the associated remaining performance obligations.

As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of the Company’s contracts, the Company regularly reviews and updates its contract-related estimates. Changes in cumulative revenue estimates, due to changes in the estimated transaction price or cost estimates, are recorded using a cumulative catch-up adjustment in the period identified for contracts with performance obligations recognized over time. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, the Company recognizes the total loss in the quarter it is identified, and it is recorded in other current liabilities.

The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on the Company’s operating earnings can be reflected in either operating costs and expenses or revenue. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates on revenue related to performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods was not significant for the three month period ended August 1, 2020 or the three month period ended July 27, 2019. No adjustment on any one contract was material to the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three month period ended August 1, 2020 or the three month period ended and July 27, 2019.

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Revenue by Category

The following tables present the Company’s revenue disaggregated by major product line, contract type, customer category and geographic location (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
Revenue by major product line/program	2020		2019
Small UAS	$	56,202	$	66,745
TMS		9,534		5,587
HAPS		16,386		12,335
Other		5,328		2,244
Total revenue	$	87,450	$	86,911


	Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
Revenue by contract type	2020		2019
FFP	$	60,875	$	67,944
CPFF		26,569		18,264
T&M		6		703
Total revenue	$	87,450	$	86,911

Each of these contract types presents advantages and disadvantages. Typically, the Company assumes more risk with FFP contracts. However, these types of contracts generally offer additional profits when the Company completes the work for less than originally estimated. CPFF contracts generally subject the Company to lower risk. Accordingly, the associated base fees are usually lower than fees on FFP contracts. Under T&M contracts, the Company’s profit may vary if actual labor hour rates vary significantly from the negotiated rates.


	Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
Revenue by customer category	2020		2019
U.S. government	$	53,796	$	49,134
Non-U.S. government		33,654		37,777
Total revenue	$	87,450	$	86,911


	Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
Revenue by geographic location	2020		2019
Domestic	$	53,430	$	38,808
International		34,020		48,103
Total revenue	$	87,450	$	86,911

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and customer advances and deposits on the consolidated balance sheet. In the Company’s services contracts, amounts are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals, which is generally monthly, or upon the achievement of contractual milestones. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets recorded in unbilled receivables and retentions on the consolidated balance sheet. However, the Company sometimes receives advances or deposits from its customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities recorded in customer advances on the consolidated balance sheet. Contract liabilities are not a significant financing component as they are generally utilized to pay for contract costs within a one-year period or are used to ensure the customer meets contractual requirements. These assets and liabilities are reported on the consolidated balance sheet on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. For the Company’s

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product revenue, the Company generally receives cash payments subsequent to satisfying the performance obligation via delivery of the product, resulting in billed accounts receivable. Changes in the contract asset and liability balances during the three month period ended August 1, 2020 were not materially impacted by any other factors. For the Company’s contracts, there are no significant gaps between the receipt of payment and the transfer of the associated goods and services to the customer for material amounts of consideration.

Revenue recognized for the three month periods ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019 that was included in contract liability balances at the beginning of each year was $1,973,000 and $830,000, respectively.

Segments

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM, who is the Chief Executive Officer, makes operating decisions, assesses performance and makes resource allocation decisions, including the focus of research and development (“R&D”), on a consolidated basis for the Company’s continuing operations. Accordingly, the Company operates its business as a single reportable segment.

Investments

The Company’s investments are accounted for as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of deferred income taxes for available-for-sale investments. Gains and losses realized on the disposition of investment securities are determined on the specific identification basis and credited or charged to income. Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date.

Investments are considered to be impaired if the fair value of the investment is less than its amortized cost basis. On a quarterly basis, the Company considers available quantitative and qualitative evidence in evaluating potential impairment of its investments. If the cost of an investment exceeds its fair value, the Company evaluates if the decline in fair value resulted from a credit loss or other factors. The Company considers factors such as general market conditions and potential adverse conditions related to the financial health of the issuer based on rating agency actions. Impairments relating to credit losses are recorded in earnings through an allowance for credit losses. The allowance is limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Impairments not related to credit losses are recorded through other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, unbilled receivables and retentions, and accounts payable approximate cost due to the short period of time to maturity.

Government Contracts

Payments to the Company on government CPFF or T&M contracts are based on provisional, or estimated indirect rates, which are subject to an annual audit by the Defense Contract Audit Agency (“DCAA”). The cost audits result in the negotiation and determination of the final indirect cost rates that the Company may use for the period(s) audited. The final rates, if different from the provisional rates, may create an additional receivable or liability for the Company for CPFF and T&M contracts.

For example, during the course of its audits, the DCAA may question the Company’s incurred costs, and if the DCAA believes the Company has accounted for such costs in a manner inconsistent with the requirements under Federal Acquisition Regulations, the DCAA auditor may recommend to the Company’s administrative contracting officer to disallow such costs. Historically, the Company has not experienced material disallowed costs as a result of government audits. However, the Company can provide no assurance that the DCAA or other government audits will not result in material disallowances for incurred costs in the future.

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The Company’s revenue recognition policy calls for revenue recognized on all cost reimbursable government contracts to be recorded at actual rates unless collectability is not reasonably assured. During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020, the Company settled rates for its incurred cost claims with the DCAA for fiscal year 2015 for an amount not significant. At August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020, the Company had no reserve for incurred cost claim audits.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, excluding shares of unvested restricted stock.

The reconciliation of basic to diluted shares is as follows (in thousands except share data):


		Three Months Ended
	August 1, 2020		July 27, 2019
Denominator for basic earnings per share:
Weighted average common shares		23,893,001		23,745,199
Dilutive effect of employee stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units		293,227		324,734
Denominator for diluted earnings per share		24,186,228		24,069,933

Potentially dilutive shares not included in the computation of diluted weighted-average common shares because their effect would have been anti-dilutive were 844 and 3,675 for the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019,

respectively.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740). This ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods therein, with early adoption permitted. The adoption method is dependent on the specific amendment included in this update as certain amendments require retrospective adoption, modified retrospective adoption, an option of retrospective or modified retrospective, and prospective adoption. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815 (Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815). This ASU clarifies accounting certain topics impacted by Topic 321 Investments—Equity Securities. These topics include measuring equity securities using the measurement alternative, how the measurement alternative should be applied to equity method accounting, and certain forward contracts and purchased options which would be accounted for under the equity method of accounting upon settlement or exercise. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods therein, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be adopted prospectively. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

2. Discontinued Operations

On June 29, 2018, the Company completed the sale of the substantially all of the assets and related liabilities of its efficient energy systems business segment (the “EES Business”) to Webasto Charging Systems, Inc. (“Webasto”) pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) between Webasto and the Company. In accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement, as amended by a side letter agreement executed at the closing, the Company received cash consideration of $31,994,000 upon closing, which resulted in a gain of $11,420,000 and has been recorded in gain on sale of business, net of tax in the consolidated statements of income. During the year ended April 30, 2019, the Company recorded a reduction to the gain resulting from a working capital adjustment of $486,000. During the year ended April 30, 2020, the Company and Webasto engaged an independent accounting firm to resolve a

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working capital dispute with a maximum exposure of $922,000 pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement. In June 2020, the independent accounting firm determined the final adjustment to the working capital dispute to be $341,000 which has been recorded net of tax as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of income for the year ended April 30, 2020.

The Company is entitled to receive additional cash consideration of $6,500,000 (the “Holdback”) upon tendering consents to assignment of two remaining customer contracts to Webasto. The Holdback was not recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the amount was not realized or realizable as of August 1, 2020. The Company’s satisfaction of the requirements for the payment of the Holdback is currently in dispute.

On February 22, 2019, Webasto filed a lawsuit alleging several claims against the Company for breach of contract, indemnity, and bad faith, including allegations regarding inaccuracy of certain diligence disclosures, failure to provide certain consents to contract assignments and related to a previously announced product recall. Webasto seeks to recover the costs of the recall and other damages totaling a minimum of $6,500,000 in addition to attorneys’ fees, costs, and punitive damages. On August 16, 2019, the Company filed a counterclaim against Webasto seeking payment of the Holdback and declaratory relief regarding Webasto’s cancellation of an assigned contract. The Company believes that the allegations are generally meritless and is mounting a vigorous defense.

During the three months ended October 27, 2018, Webasto filed a recall report with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration that named certain of the Company’s EES products as subject to the recall. The Company is continuing to assess the facts giving rise to the recall. Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company may be responsible for certain costs of such recall of named products the Company manufactured, sold or serviced prior to the closing of the sale of the EES Business. On August 14, 2019, Benchmark Electronics, Inc. (“Benchmark”), the company that assembled the products subject to the recall, served a demand for arbitration to the Company and Webasto, and a third-party part supplier pursuant to its contracts with the Company and Webasto, respectively. The Company filed a responsive pleading in the Benchmark arbitration on October 29, 2019, consisting of a general denial, affirmative defenses, and a reservation of the right to file counter-claims at a later date. Webasto challenged the validity of the Benchmark arbitration by filing an action in New York Superior Court. In December 2019, Webasto and Benchmark reached a settlement of their disputed claims. Benchmark withdrew its Notice of Arbitration against Webasto and the Company, but reserved its right to pursue indemnity claims against suppliers. The recall remains a significant part of the Webasto lawsuit.

Concurrent with the execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into a transition services agreement (the “TSA”) to provide certain general and administrative services to Webasto for a defined period. Income from performing services under the TSA was $38,000 and $444,000 and has been recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income for three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, respectively.

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3. Investments

Investments consist of the following (in thousands):


	August 1,		April 30,
	2020		2020
Short-term investments:
Available-for-sale securities:
Municipal securities		1,348		5,244
U.S. government securities		69,986		33,771
Corporate bonds		—		8,492
Total short-term investments	$	71,334	$	47,507
Long-term investments:
Available-for-sale securities:
Municipal securities		—		1,592
U.S. government securities		15,004		8,996
Total available-for-sale investments		15,004		10,588
Equity method investments
Investment in limited partnership fund		5,334		4,442
Total equity method investments		5,334		4,442
Total long-term investments	$	20,338	$	15,030

Available-For-Sale Securities

As of August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020, the balance of available-for-sale securities consisted of state and local government municipal securities, U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities, and investment grade corporate bonds. Interest earned from these investments is recorded in interest income. Realized gains on sales of these investments on the basis of specific identification is recorded in interest income.

The following table is a summary of the activity related to the available-for-sale investments recorded in short-term and long-term investments as of August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020, respectively (in thousands):


	August 1, 2020
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Municipal securities	$	1,345	$	3	$	—	$	1,348
U.S. government securities		84,977		14		(1)		84,990
Corporate bonds		—		—		—		—
Total available-for-sale investments	$	86,322	$	17	$	(1)	$	86,338


	April 30, 2020
			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Value
Municipal securities	$	6,807	$	29	$	—	$	6,836
U.S. government securities		42,730		41		(4)		42,767
Corporate bonds		8,495		—		(3)		8,492
Total available-for-sale investments	$	58,032	$	70	$	(7)	$	58,095

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The amortized cost and fair value of the available-for-sale debt securities by contractual maturity at August 1, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):


	Cost		Fair Value
Due within one year	$	71,322	$	71,334
Due after one year through five years		15,000		15,004
Total	$	86,322	$	86,338

4. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy contains three levels as follows:

●Level 1—Inputs to the valuation based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are accessible as of the measurement date.

●Level 2—Inputs to the valuation include quoted prices in either markets that are not active, or in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

●Level 3—Inputs to the valuation that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at August 1, 2020, were as follows (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurement Using
			Significant
	Quoted prices in		other		Significant
	active markets for		observable		unobservable
	identical assets		inputs		inputs
Description	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
Available-for-sale securities	$	—	$	86,338	$	—	$	86,338
Total	$	—	$	86,338	$	—	$	86,338

The Company’s financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at April 30, 2020, were as follows (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurement Using
			Significant
	Quoted prices in		other		Significant
	active markets for		observable		unobservable
	identical assets		inputs		inputs
Description	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		Total
Available-for-sale securities	$	—	$	58,095	$	—	$	58,095
Total	$	—	$	58,095	$	—	$	58,095

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5. Inventories, net

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):


	August 1,		April 30,
	2020		2020
Raw materials	$	15,136	$	15,988
Work in process		12,958		10,340
Finished goods		26,640		29,439
Inventories, gross		54,734		55,767
Reserve for inventory excess and obsolescence		(9,204)		(10,232)
Inventories, net	$	45,530	$	45,535

6. Equity Method Investments

In December of 2017, the Company and SoftBank formed a joint venture, HAPSMobile, which is a Japanese corporation. As of August 1, 2020, the Company’s ownership stake in HAPSMobile was approximately 7%, with the remaining 93% held by SoftBank. In connection with the formation of the joint venture on December 27, 2017, the Company initially purchased shares of HAPSMobile representing a 5% ownership interest in exchange for an investment of 210,000,000 yen ($1,860,000). The Company subsequently purchased additional shares of HAPSMobile in order to maintain a 5% ownership stake in the joint venture. The first such purchase occurred on April 17, 2018, at which time the Company invested 150,000,000 yen ($1,407,000) for the purchase of additional shares of HAPSMobile. On January 29, 2019, the Company invested an additional 209,500,000 yen ($1,926,000) to maintain its 5% ownership stake. On February 9, 2019, the Company elected to purchase 632,800,000 yen ($5,671,000) of additional shares of HAPSMobile to increase the Company’s ownership in the joint venture from 5% to 10%, and on May 10, 2019, the Company purchased 500,000,000 yen ($4,569,000) of additional shares of HAPSMobile to maintain its 10% ownership stake. The Company’s ownership percentage was subsequently diluted from 10% to approximately 5%. On December 4, 2019, the Company purchased 540,050,000 yen ($4,982,000) of additional shares of HAPSMobile to increase its ownership stake to approximately 7%.

As the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of HAPSMobile pursuant to the applicable Joint Venture Agreement and related organizational documents, the Company’s investment is accounted for as an equity method investment. For the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, the Company recorded its ownership percentage of the net loss of HAPSMobile, or $1,008,000 and $1,347,000, respectively, in equity method investment loss, net of tax in the unaudited consolidated statement of income. At August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020, the carrying value of the investment in HAPSMobile of $9,522,000 and $10,455,000, respectively, was recorded in other assets.

Investment in Limited Partnership Fund

In July 2019, the Company made its initial capital contribution to a limited partnership fund focusing on highly relevant technologies and start-up companies serving defense and industrial markets. On July 15, 2020, the Company made an additional contribution of $1,173,000. Under the terms of the limited partnership agreement, the Company has committed to make additional capital contributions of $3,880,000 to the fund. The Company accounts for investments in limited partnerships as equity method investments as the Company is deemed to have influence when it holds more than a minor interest. For the three months ended August 1, 2020, the Company recorded its ownership percentage of the net loss of the limited partnership, or $280,000, in equity method investment loss in the consolidated statements of income. For the three months ended July 27, 2019, the Company recorded no net loss of the limited partnership. At August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020, the carrying value of the investment in the limited partnership of $5,334,000 and $4,442,000, respectively, was recorded in long-term investments.

7. Warranty Reserves

The Company accrues an estimate of its exposure to warranty claims based upon both current and historical product sales data and warranty costs incurred. The warranty reserve is included in other current liabilities. The related expense is

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included in cost of sales. Warranty reserve activity is summarized as follows for the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, respectively (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
	2020		2019
Beginning balance	$	2,015	$	1,704
Warranty expense		451		549
Changes in estimates related to pre-existing warranties		—		—
Warranty costs settled		(435)		(540)
Ending balance	$	2,031	$	1,713

8. Intangibles, net

The components of intangibles are as follows (in thousands):


	August 1,		April 30,
	2020		2020
Technology	$	14,950	$	14,950
Licenses		1,006		1,006
Customer relationships		873		873
In-process research and development		550		550
Non-compete agreements		320		320
Trademarks and tradenames		68		68
Other		3		3
Intangibles, gross		17,770		17,770
Less accumulated amortization		(4,842)		(4,133)
Intangibles, net	$	12,928	$	13,637

The weighted average amortization period at August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020 was four years. Amortization expense for the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019 was $709,000 and $552,000, respectively.

Technology, in-process research and development, customer relationships, trademarks and tradenames, and non-compete agreements were recognized in conjunction with the Company’s acquisition of Pulse on June 10, 2019. Refer to Note 17—Business Acquisitions for further details.

Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is as follows (in thousands):


	Year ending
	April 30,
2021	$	2,079
2022		2,829
2023		2,688
2024		2,629
2025		2,492
	$	12,717

9. Goodwill

At August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020, the goodwill balance was $6,340,000, which represents the goodwill attributable to the acquisition of Pulse. Refer to Note 17—Business Acquisitions for further details.

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10. Leases

The Company leases certain buildings, land and equipment. At contract inception the Company determines whether the contract is, or contains, a lease and whether the lease should be classified as an operating or a financing lease. Operating leases are recorded in operating lease right-of-use assets, current operating lease liabilities and non-current operating lease liabilities.

The Company recognizes operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date to determine the present value of future payments and the appropriate lease classification. The Company defines the initial lease term to include renewal options determined to be reasonably certain. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of less than one year to six years, some of which may include options to extend the lease for up to 10 years, and some of which may include options to terminate the lease after two years. None of the Company’s options to extend or terminate are reasonably certain of being exercised, and are therefore not included in the Company’s determination of lease assets and liabilities. For operating leases, the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Many of the Company’s real estate lease agreements contain incentives for tenant improvements, rent holidays, or rent escalation clauses. For tenant improvement incentives, if the incentive is determined to be a leasehold improvement owned by the lessee, the Company generally records incentive as a reduction to fixed lease payments thereby reducing rent expense. For rent holidays and rent escalation clauses during the lease term, the Company records rental expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. For these lease incentives, the Company uses the date of initial possession as the commencement date, which is generally when the Company is given the right of access to the space and begins to make improvements in preparation for intended use.

The Company does not have any finance leases. The Company does not have any material restrictions or covenants in its lease agreements, sale-leaseback transactions, land easements or residual value guarantees.

In determining the inputs to the incremental borrowing rate calculation, the Company makes judgments about the value of the leased asset, its credit rating and the lease term including the probability of its exercising options to extend or terminate the underlying lease. Additionally, the Company makes judgments around contractual asset substitution rights in determining whether a contract contains a lease.

The components of lease costs recorded in cost of sales for product sales and contract services and selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
	2020		2019
Operating lease cost	$	1,190	$	1,120
Short term lease cost		110		237
Variable lease cost		1		89
Sublease income		(38)		(117)
Total lease costs, net	$	1,263	$	1,329

Supplemental lease information were as follows:


	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
	2020		2019
	(In thousands)		(In thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	1,400	$	1,389
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities	$	5,883	$	10,561

Weighted average remaining lease term		46 months		37 months
Weighted average discount rate		3.4%		3.7%

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Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of August 1, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):


2021	$	3,576
2022		4,653
2023		3,247
2024		2,615
2025		1,668
Thereafter		773
Total lease payments		16,532
Less: imputed interest		(1,710)
Total present value of operating lease liabilities	$	14,822

11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and Reclassifications Adjustments

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income and adjustments are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
	2020		2019
Balance, net of $0 deferred taxes, as of April 30, 2020 and April 30, 2019	$	328	$	2
Changes in foreign currency translation adjustments		75		169
Unrealized losses, net of $4 of deferred taxes for the three months ended August 1, 2020		(52)		—
Balance, net of $4 and $0 deferred taxes, as of August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, respectively	$	351	$	171

12. Customer-Funded Research & Development

Customer-funded R&D costs are incurred pursuant to contracts (revenue arrangements) to perform R&D activities according to customer specifications. These costs are direct contract costs and are expensed to cost of sales as costs are incurred. Revenue from customer-funded R&D contracts are recognized in accordance with Topic 606 over time as costs are incurred. Revenue from customer-funded R&D was approximately $23,426,000 and $15,120,000 for the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, respectively.

13. Long-Term Incentive Awards

During the three months ended August 1, 2020, the Company granted awards under its amended and restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Restated 2006 Plan”) to key employees (“Fiscal 2021 LTIP”). Awards under the Fiscal 2021 LTIP consist of: (i) time-based restricted stock awards, which vest in equal tranches in July 2021, July 2022 and July 2023, and (ii) performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”), which vest based on the Company’s achievement of revenue and operating income targets for the three-year period ending April 30, 2023. At the award date, target achievement levels for each of the financial performance metrics were established for the PRSUs, at which levels the PRSUs would vest at 100% for each such metric. Threshold achievement levels for which the PRSUs would vest at 50% for each such metric and maximum achievement levels for which such awards would vest at 250% for each such metric were also established. The actual payout for the PRSUs at the end of the performance period will be calculated based upon the Company’s achievement of the established revenue and operating income targets for the performance period. Settlement of the PRSUs will be made in fully-vested shares of common stock. For the three months ended August 1, 2020, the Company recorded $91,000 of compensation expense related to the Fiscal 2021 LTIP. At August 1, 2020, the maximum compensation expense that may be recorded for the performance-based portion of the Fiscal 2021 LTIP is $7,946,000.

During the three months ended July 27, 2019, the Company granted awards under the Restated 2006 Plan to key employees (“Fiscal 2020 LTIP”). Awards under the Fiscal 2020 LTIP consist of: (i) time-based restricted stock awards,

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which vest in equal tranches in July 2020, July 2021 and July 2022, and (ii) PRSUs, which vest based on the Company’s achievement of revenue and operating income targets for the three-year period ending April 30, 2022. At the award date, target achievement levels for each of the financial performance metrics were established for the PRSUs, at which levels the PRSUs would vest at 100% for each such metric. Threshold achievement levels for which the PRSUs would vest at 50% for each such metric and maximum achievement levels for which such awards would vest at 200% for each such metric were also established. The actual payout for the PRSUs at the end of the performance period will be calculated based upon the Company’s achievement of the established revenue and operating income targets for the performance period. Settlement of the PRSUs will be made in fully-vested shares of common stock. For the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, the Company recorded $80,000 and $131,000 of compensation expense related to the Fiscal 2020 LTIP, respectively. At August 1, 2020, the maximum compensation expense that may be recorded for the performance-based portion of the Fiscal 2020 LTIP is $4,263,000.

During the three months ended July 28, 2018, the Company also granted awards under the Restated 2006 Plan to key employees (“Fiscal 2019 LTIP”). Awards under the Fiscal 2019 LTIP consist of: (i) time-based restricted stock awards, which vest in equal tranches in July 2019, July 2020 and July 2021, and (ii) PRSUs, which vest based on the Company’s achievement of revenue and operating income targets for the three-year period ending April 30, 2021. At the award date, target achievement levels for each of the financial performance metrics were established for the PRSUs, at which levels the PRSUs would vest at 100% for each such metric. Threshold achievement levels for which the PRSUs would vest at 50% for each such metric and maximum achievement levels for which such awards would vest at 200% for each such metric were also established. The actual payout for the PRSUs at the end of the performance period will be calculated based upon the Company’s achievement of the established revenue and operating income targets for the performance period. Settlement of the PRSUs will be made in fully-vested shares of common stock. For the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, the Company recorded $75,000 and $33,000 of compensation expense related to the Fiscal 2019 LTIP, respectively. At August 1, 2020, the maximum compensation expense that may be recorded for the performance-based portion of the Fiscal 2019 LTIP is $2,478,000.

During the three months ended July 29, 2017, the Company also granted awards under the Restated 2006 Plan to key employees (“Fiscal 2018 LTIP”). Awards under the Fiscal 2018 LTIP consist of: (i) time-based restricted stock awards, which vest in equal tranches in July 2018, July 2019 and July 2020, and (ii) PRSUs, which vest based on the Company’s achievement of revenue and operating income targets for the three-year period ending April 30, 2020. During the three months ended August 1, 2020, the Company issued a total of 16,228 fully-vested shares of common stock to settle the PRSUs in the Fiscal 2018 LTIP. For the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, the Company recorded no compensation expense and $8,000 of compensation expense related to the Fiscal 2018 LTIP, respectively.

At August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020, the Company recorded cumulative stock-based compensation expense from the Fiscal 2021 LTIP, Fiscal 2020 LTIP and Fiscal 2019 LTIP of $1,853,000 and $1,607,000, respectively. At each reporting period, the Company reassesses the probability of achieving the performance targets for the PRSUs. The estimation of whether the performance targets will be achieved requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from the Company’s current estimates, the cumulative effect on current and prior periods of those changes will be recorded in the period estimates are revised. No compensation cost is ultimately recognized for awards for which employees do not render the requisite service and are forfeited.

14. Income Taxes

For the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $1,207,000 and $2,133,000, respectively, yielding an effective tax rate of 9.6% and 10.4%, respectively. The variance from statutory rates for the three months ended August 1, 2020 was primarily due to federal R&D credits, foreign derived intangible income deductions and the recording of discrete excess tax benefits resulting from the vesting of restricted stock awards and exercises of stock options. The variance from statutory rates for the three months ended July 27, 2019 was primarily due to federal R&D credits, foreign derived intangible income deduction and the recording of discrete excess tax benefits, resulting from the vesting of restricted stock awards and exercises of stock options.

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15. Share Repurchase

In September 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $25,000,000 of the Company’s common stock with no specified termination date for the program. No shares were repurchased under the program during the three months ended August 1, 2020 or July 27, 2019. As of August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020, approximately $21,200,000 remained authorized for future repurchases under this program.

16. Related Party Transactions

Related party transactions are defined as transactions between the Company and entities either controlled by the Company or that the Company can significantly influence. Although SoftBank has a controlling interest in HAPSMobile, the Company determined that it has the ability to exercise significant influence over HAPSMobile. As such, HAPSMobile and SoftBank are considered related parties of the Company. Concurrent with the formation of HAPSMobile, the Company executed a Design and Development Agreement (the “DDA”) with HAPSMobile. Under the DDA and related efforts, the Company will use its best efforts, up to a maximum net value of $166,108,000, to design and build prototype solar powered high altitude aircraft and ground control stations for HAPSMobile and conduct low altitude and high altitude flight tests of the prototype aircraft.

The Company recorded revenue under the DDA and preliminary design agreements between the Company and SoftBank of $16,386,000 and $12,335,000 for the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, respectively. At August 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020, the Company had unbilled related party receivables from HAPSMobile of $28,143,000 and $15,779,000 recorded in unbilled receivables and retentions on the consolidated balance sheets, respectively. At April 30, 2019, the Company owned a 10% stake in accordance with the Joint Venture Agreement which was diluted to approximately 5% during the first three months ended July 27, 2019. On December 4, 2019, the Company purchased 540,050,000 yen ($4,982,000) of additional shares of HAPSMobile to increase its ownership stake to approximately 7%. Refer to Note 6—Equity Method Investments for further details.

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17. Business Acquisitions

On June 10, 2019, the Company purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding member units of Pulse pursuant to the terms of the Pulse Purchase Agreement. The Company’s acquisition of Pulse’s helicopter UAS product family strengthens AeroVironment’s leading family of fixed-wing small unmanned aircraft systems and increases the mission capabilities of AeroVironment’s family of systems.

Pursuant to the Pulse Purchase Agreement, at closing, the Company paid $20,650,000 in cash, less closing indebtedness and transaction costs as defined in the Pulse Purchase Agreement, less a $250,000 retention to cover any post-closing indemnification claims, and less a $1,250,000 holdback amount, with the retention and holdback to be released to the member unit holders of Pulse, less any amounts paid or reserved, 18 months after the closing of the transactions in accordance with the terms of the Pulse Purchase Agreement. The closing cash consideration included the payoff of the outstanding indebtedness of Pulse as of the closing date. The Company financed the acquisition entirely from available cash on hand.

In addition to the consideration paid at closing, the acquisition of Pulse included contingent consideration arrangements that required additional consideration to be paid by the Company to the sellers of Pulse if two specified research and development milestones were achieved by December 10, 2021 and the continued employment of specified employees. Amounts were payable upon the achievement of the milestones. The range of the undiscounted amounts the Company could pay under each of the contingent consideration agreements were zero or $2,500,000 ($5,000,000 in total if both milestones are achieved and specific key employees continued employment). The fair value of the contingent consideration recognized on the acquisition date of $1,703,000 was estimated by applying the income approach. That measure was based on significant Level 3 inputs not observable in the market. Key assumptions include (1) a discount rate of 4.5% and (2) the probability that each of the milestones would be achieved.

During the year ended April 30, 2020, one of the research and development milestones was achieved, and the requirements for the payout of remaining contingent consideration were concluded to not have been met. As a result, the Company recorded a gain of $832,000 which was recorded in selling, general, and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income. On February 26, 2020, $2,500,000 of contingent consideration was paid to the sellers for the achieved milestone.

During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020, the Company finalized its determination of the fair value of the assets and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date which is summarized in the following table (in thousands):


	June 10,
	2019
Technology	$	14,950
Goodwill		6,340
In-process R&D		550
Inventory		334
Non-compete agreements		320
Other assets, net of liabilities assumed		(614)
Total net identified assets acquired	$	21,880

Fair value of consideration:
Cash	$	18,677
Holdback		1,250
Retention		250
Contingent consideration		1,703
Total	$	21,880

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Determining the fair value of the intangible assets acquired requires significant judgment, including the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, long-term growth rates and discount rates. The fair value of the intangibles assets was determined using a discounted cash flow analysis, which were based on the Company’s best estimate of future sales, earnings and cash flows after considering such factors as general market conditions, anticipated customer demand, changes in working capital, long term business plans and recent operating performance. Use of different estimates and judgments could yield materially different results.

The goodwill is attributable to the synergies the Company expects to achieve through leveraging the acquired technology to its existing customers, the workforce of Pulse and expected future customers in the helicopter UAS market. For tax purposes the acquisition was treated as an asset purchase and the goodwill is deductible ratably over a period of fifteen years.

Supplemental Pro Forma Information (unaudited)

The following unaudited pro forma summary presents consolidated information of the Company as if the business acquisition had occurred on May 1, 2018 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	July 27,		July 28,
	2019		2018
Revenue	$	87,138	$	79,313
Net income attributable to AeroVironment, Inc.	$	17,393	$	26,369

The Company did not have any material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business acquisition included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings.

These pro forma amounts have been calculated by applying the Company’s accounting policies, assuming transaction costs had been incurred during the three months ended July 28, 2018, reflecting the additional amortization that would have been charged assuming the fair value adjustments to intangible assets had been applied from May 1, 2018 with the consequential tax effects, and including the results of Pulse prior to acquisition.

The Company incurred approximately $341,000 of acquisition-related expenses for the three months ended July 27, 2019. These expenses are included in selling, general and administrative, research and development, and product cost of sales on the Company’s consolidated income statement.

The unaudited pro forma supplemental information is based on estimates and assumptions, which the Company believes are reasonable and are not necessarily indicative of the results that have been realized had the acquisitions been consolidated in the tables above as of May 1, 2018, nor are they indicative of results of operations that may occur in the future.

ITEM 2.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and the results of operations as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the “Consolidated Financial Statements” and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This section and other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions. Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, our management’s beliefs and assumptions made by our management. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in

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Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“the Exchange Act”).

Unless required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The following should be read in conjunction with the critical accounting estimates presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discusses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. When we prepare these consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Some of our accounting policies require that we make subjective judgments, including estimates that involve matters that are inherently uncertain. Our most critical estimates include those related to revenue recognition, inventory reserves for excess and obsolescence, intangible assets acquired in a business combination, goodwill, and income taxes. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We recognize revenue in accordance with ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Topic 606 requires revenue to be recognized when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

Revenue for small unmanned aircraft systems (“UAS”) product contracts with both the U.S. government and foreign governments are recognized at the point in time when the transfer of control passes to the customer, which is generally when title and risk of loss transfer. Revenue for Tactical Missile Systems (“TMS”) contracts is recognized over time as costs are incurred. Revenue for Customer-Funded Research and Development (“R&D”) contracts is recognized over time as costs are incurred.

We review cost performance and estimates-to-complete at least quarterly and in many cases more frequently. Adjustments to original estimates for a contract’s revenue, estimated costs at completion and estimated profit or loss are often required as work progresses under a contract, as experience is gained and as more information is obtained, even though the scope of work required under the contract may not change, or if contract modifications occur. The impact of revisions in estimate of completion for all types of contracts are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions are made. During the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, changes in accounting estimates on contracts recognized over time are presented below.

For the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019, favorable and unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments included in revenue were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
	2020		2019

Gross favorable adjustments	$	801	$	283
Gross unfavorable adjustments		(431)		(274)
Net favorable adjustments	$	370	$	9

For the three months ended August 1, 2020, favorable cumulative catch-up adjustments of $0.8 million were primarily due to final cost adjustments on nine contracts, which individually were not material. For the same period, unfavorable

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cumulative catch-up adjustments of $0.4 million were primarily related to higher than expected costs on eight contracts, which individually were not material.

For the three months ended July 27, 2019, favorable cumulative catch-up adjustments of $0.3 million were primarily due to final cost adjustments on 19 contracts, which individually were not material. For the same period, unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments of $0.3 million were primarily related to higher than expected costs on nine contracts, which individually were not material.

Fiscal Periods

Due to our fixed year end date of April 30, our first and fourth quarters each consist of approximately 13 weeks. The second and third quarters each consist of exactly 13 weeks. Our first three quarters end on a Saturday. Our 2021 fiscal year ends on April 30, 2021 and our fiscal quarters end on August 1, 2020, October 31, 2020 and January 30, 2021, respectively.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the period indicated (in thousands):

Three Months Ended August 1, 2020 Compared to Three Months Ended July 27, 2019


	Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
	2020		2019

Revenue	$	87,450	$	86,911
Cost of sales:		52,039		45,639
Gross margin		35,411		41,272
Selling, general and administrative		12,011		13,668
Research and development		11,103		8,709
Income from operations		12,297		18,895
Other income:
Interest income, net		208		1,329
Other income, net		33		355
Income from continuing operations before income taxes		12,538		20,579
Provision for income taxes		1,207		2,133
Equity method investment loss, net of tax		(1,288)		(1,347)
Net income from continuing operations	$	10,043	$	17,099

Revenue. Revenue for the three months ended August 1, 2020 was $87.5 million, as compared to $86.9 million for the three months ended July 27, 2019, representing an increase of approximately $0.5 million, or 1%. The increase in revenue was primarily due to an increase in service revenue of $8.0 million, partially offset by a decrease in product revenue of $7.5 million. The increase in service revenue was primarily due to an increase in customer-funded R&D revenue primarily associated with the design and development agreement with HAPSMobile. The decrease in product revenue was primarily due to a decrease in product deliveries of small UAS, partially offset by an increase in TMS revenue.

Cost of Sales. Cost of sales for the three months ended August 1, 2020 was $52.0 million, as compared to $45.6 million for the three months ended July 27, 2019, representing an increase of $6.4 million, or 14%. The increase in cost of sales was a result of an increase in service cost of sales of $4.7 million and an increase in product costs of sales of $1.7 million. The increase in service costs of sales was primarily due to the increase in service revenue. The increase in product cost of sales was primarily due to an unfavorable product mix, partially offset by the decrease in product sales. As a percentage of revenue, cost of sales increased from 53% to 60%, primarily due to a decrease in the proportion of product sales to total revenue and an unfavorable product mix.

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Gross Margin. Gross margin for the three months ended August 1, 2020 was $35.4 million, as compared to $41.3 million for the three months ended July 27, 2019, representing a decrease of $5.9 million, or 14%. The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to a decrease in product margin of $9.2 million, partially offset by an increase in service margin of $3.3 million. The decrease in product margin was primarily due to the decrease in product sales and an unfavorable product mix. The increase in service margin was primarily due to the increase in service revenue. As a percentage of revenue, gross margin decreased from 47% to 40%, primarily due to a decrease in the proportion of product sales to total revenue and an unfavorable product mix.

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense for the three months ended August 1, 2020 was $12.0 million, or 14% of revenue, compared to SG&A expense of $13.7 million, or 16% of revenue, for the three months ended July 27, 2019.

Research and Development. R&D expense for the three months ended August 1, 2020 was $11.1 million, or 13% of revenue, compared to R&D expense of $8.7 million, or 10% of revenue, for the three months ended July 27, 2019. R&D expense increased by $2.4 million, or 27%, for the three months ended August 1, 2020, primarily due to an increase in development activities regarding enhanced capabilities for our products and development of new product lines.

Interest Income, net. Interest income, net for the three months ended August 1, 2020 was $0.2 million compared to interest income, net of $1.3 million for the three months ended July 27, 2019. The decrease in interest income was primarily due to a decrease in the average interest rates earned on our investment portfolio.

Other Income, net. Other income, net, for the three months ended August 1, 2020 was $33,000 compared to other income, net of $0.4 million for the three months ended July 27, 2019. The decrease in other income, net was primarily due to a decrease in transition services performed on behalf of the buyer of the discontinued EES Business.

Provision for Income Taxes. Our effective income tax rate was 9.6% for the three months ended August 1, 2020, as compared to 10.4% for the three months ended July 27, 2019. The decrease in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to higher discrete excess tax benefits from stock based compensation during the three months ended August 1, 2020 versus three months ended July 27, 2019.

Equity Method Investment Loss, net of tax. Equity method investment loss, net of tax for the three months ended August 1, 2020 was $1.3 million compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended July 27, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to the equity method loss associated with our investment in the HAPSMobile joint venture formed in December 2017.

Backlog

Consistent with ASC 606, we define funded backlog as remaining performance obligations under firm orders for which funding is currently appropriated to us under a customer contract. As of August 1, 2020, our funded backlog was approximately $154.4 million.

In addition to our funded backlog, we also had unfunded backlog of $118.0 million as of August 1, 2020. Unfunded backlog does not meet the definition of a performance obligation under ASC Topic 606. We define unfunded backlog as the total remaining potential order amounts under cost reimbursable and fixed price contracts with (i) multiple one-year options and indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (“IDIQ”) contracts, or (ii) incremental funding. Unfunded backlog does not obligate the customer to purchase goods or services. There can be no assurance that unfunded backlog will result in any orders in any particular period, if at all. Management believes that unfunded backlog does not provide a reliable measure of future estimated revenue under our contracts. Unfunded backlog, with the exception of the remaining potential value of the FCS domain, does not include the remaining potential value associated with a U.S. Army IDIQ-type contract for small UAS because values for each of the other domains within the contract have not been disclosed by the customer, and we cannot be certain that we will secure all task orders issued against the contract.

Because of possible future changes in delivery schedules and/or cancellations of orders, backlog at any particular date is not necessarily representative of actual sales to be expected for any succeeding period, and actual sales for the year may

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not meet or exceed the backlog represented. Our backlog is typically subject to large variations from quarter to quarter as existing contracts expire or are renewed or new contracts are awarded. A majority of our contracts, specifically our IDIQ contracts, do not currently obligate the U.S. government to purchase any goods or services. Additionally, all U.S. government contracts included in backlog, whether or not they are funded, may be terminated at the convenience of the U.S. government.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We currently have no material cash commitments, except for normal recurring trade payables, accrued expenses and ongoing R&D costs, all of which we anticipate funding through our existing working capital and funds provided by operating activities. The majority of our purchase obligations are pursuant to funded contractual arrangements with our customers. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, cash provided by operating activities and other financing sources will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements during the next twelve months. There can be no assurance, however, that our business will continue to generate cash flow at current levels. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations, then we may be required to sell assets, reduce capital expenditures or obtain additional financing. We anticipate that existing sources of liquidity and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to satisfy our cash needs for the foreseeable future.

Our primary liquidity needs are for financing working capital, investing in capital expenditures, supporting product development efforts, introducing new products and enhancing existing products, and marketing acceptance and adoption of our products and services. Our future capital requirements, to a certain extent, are also subject to general conditions in or affecting the defense industry and are subject to general economic, political, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors that are beyond our control. Moreover, to the extent that existing cash, cash equivalents, cash from operations, and cash from short term borrowing are insufficient to fund our future activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private equity or debt financing. In addition, we may also need to seek additional equity funding or debt financing if we become a party to any agreement or letter of intent for potential investments in, or acquisitions of, businesses, services or technologies.

Our working capital requirements vary by contract type. On cost-plus-fee programs, we typically bill our incurred costs and fees monthly as work progresses, and therefore working capital investment is minimal. On fixed-price contracts, we typically are paid as we deliver products, and working capital is needed to fund labor and expenses incurred during the lead time from contract award until contract deliveries begin.

To date, COVID-19 has not had a significant impact on our liquidity, cash flows or capital resources. However, the continued spread of COVID-19 has led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which, depending on future developments, could impact our capital resources and liquidity in the future. In consideration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we continue to hold a significant portion of our investments in cash and cash equivalents and U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities.

Although not material in value alone or in aggregate, during the three months ended August 1, 2020, we made certain commitments outside of the ordinary course of business, including a capital contribution of $1.2 million to a limited partnership fund. Under the terms of the limited partnership agreement, we have committed to make capital contributions totaling $10.0 million to the fund of which $3.9 million was remaining at August 1, 2020.

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Cash Flows

The following table provides our cash flow data for the three months ended August 1, 2020 and July 27, 2019 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	August 1,		July 27,
	2020		2019

	(Unaudited)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	26,841	$	3,113
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(33,474)	$	(33,152)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(1,670)	$	(575)

Cash Provided by Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended August 1, 2020 increased by $23.7 million to $26.8 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $3.1 million for the three months ended July 27, 2019. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to an increase in cash as a result of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $28.3 million, largely related to collections of receivables, partially offset by a decrease in net income $7.1 million.

Cash Used in Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities increased by $0.3 million to $33.5 million for the three months ended August 1, 2020, compared to net cash used by investing activities of $33.2 million for the three months ended July 27, 2019. The increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due an increase in purchases net of redemptions of available-for-sale investments of $25.5 million; partially offset by a decrease in cash used in business acquisition of $18.6 million and a decrease in purchases net of redemptions of held-to-maturity investments of $5.4 million.

Cash Used in Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities increased by $1.1 million to $1.7 million for the three months ended August 1, 2020, compared to net cash used by financing activities of $0.6 million for the three months ended July 27, 2019. The increase in net cash used by financing activities was primarily due to an increase in tax withholding payments related to net settlement of equity awards of $1.1 million.

Contractual Obligations

During the three months ended August 1, 2020, there were no material changes in our contractual obligations and commercial commitments from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of August 1, 2020, we had no off‑balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S‑K.

Inflation

Our operations have not been, and we do not expect them to be, materially affected by inflation. Historically, we have been successful in adjusting prices to our customers to reflect changes in our material and labor costs.

New Accounting Standards

Please refer to Note 1—Organization and Significant Accounting Policies to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and accounting pronouncements adopted during the three months ended August 1, 2020.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

In the ordinary course of business, we are exposed to various market risk factors, including fluctuations in interest rates, changes in general economic conditions, domestic and foreign competition, and foreign currency exchange rates.

Interest Rate Risk

It is our policy not to enter into interest rate derivative financial instruments. We do not currently have any significant interest rate exposure.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

Since a significant part of our sales and expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars, we have not experienced significant foreign exchange gains or losses to date and do not expect to incur significant foreign exchange gains or losses in the future. We occasionally engage in forward contracts in foreign currencies to limit our exposure on non-U.S. dollar transactions.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as of August 1, 2020, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of August 1, 2020, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and were operating at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting or in other factors identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended August 1, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On February 22, 2019, Webasto filed a lawsuit, which was subsequently amended on April 5, 2019, against us in Delaware Superior Court, arising from the sale of the EES Business to Webasto in June 2018. The lawsuit generally alleges several claims against us for breach of contract, indemnity, declaratory judgment, and fraud and misrepresentation, including allegations regarding inaccuracy of certain diligence disclosures, failure to provide certain consents to contract assignments and related to the previously announced recall. Webasto seeks to recover the costs of the recall and other damages totaling over $100 million in addition to attorneys’ fees, costs, and punitive damages. Additionally, Webasto is seeking a declaratory judgment that we did not meet the requirements to receive the additional $6.5 million of the purchase price which was held back at the closing of the transaction (the “Holdback Amount”). On August 16, 2019, we filed our answer to Webasto’s complaint and a counterclaim against Webasto seeking payment of the Holdback Amount and declaratory relief regarding Webasto’s cancellation of an assigned contract. As to the Webasto lawsuit, our initial evaluation is that many of the allegations are meritless and that we lack sufficient information to fully analyze other allegations at this time. Discovery in this lawsuit has begun and is ongoing and, as of June 17, 2020, a trial has been set for July 14, 2021. At present, the parties continue to engage in the written phase of discovery, and are approaching the deposition phase which we expect will begin in September 2020. However, due to nationwide court closures and restrictions resulting from the global COVID-19 pandemic, we expect that the depositions may begin at a later time in light of current conditions. We also expect to seek and obtain a trial continuance to account for pandemic-related delays, and therefore anticipate a new trial date in 2022. We continue to mount a vigorous defense.

On August 14, 2019, Benchmark, the company that assembled the products subject to the recall, served a demand for arbitration to AeroVironment and Webasto pursuant to its contracts with AeroVironment and Webasto, respectively. In December 2019, Benchmark dismissed, without prejudice, all claims against us in the demand for arbitration. The recall remains a significant part of our pending litigation with Webasto.

We are subject to lawsuits, government investigations, audits and other legal proceedings from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. It is not possible to predict the outcome of any legal proceeding with any certainty. The outcome or costs we incur in connection with a legal proceeding could adversely impact our operating results and financial position.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Except as set for below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020. Please refer to that section for disclosures regarding the risks and uncertainties related to our business.

We face various risks related to the COVID-19 novel coronavirus pandemic and similar public health crises which may adversely impact our business.

In December 2019, a novel strain of a virus named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), or coronavirus, which causes coronavirus disease, or COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, and has reached multiple other regions and countries, including the United States and, more specifically, Southern California, where our primary operations are located. The coronavirus pandemic is evolving, and to date has led to the implementation of various responses, including government-imposed stay-at-home orders and quarantines, travel restrictions and other public health safety measures. Although our operations have mostly continued uninterrupted during the COVID-19 outbreak, adoption of work from home protocols, social distancing measures in the workplace and other responsive actions have required certain changes to our operations. If the current COVID-19 outbreak continues and results in a prolonged period of travel and other similar logistics restrictions, this may reduce our and our customers’ capabilities to travel, domestically and internationally, which may impact our ability to perform certain contracts, develop and renew contracts, or market our products, or could otherwise disrupt portions of our business and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

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Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could result in social, economic and labor instability in the countries in which we or the third parties with whom we engage operate. It is not currently possible to ascertain the overall impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, if any, on our business. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts on our business, financial condition and results of operations and those of our third party partners will depend on future developments as to the geographic presence of COVID-19 and government and healthcare responses to such spread including the duration of the outbreak, new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus and the actions to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact, among others, which are presently highly uncertain. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business disruptions, but if we or any of the third parties with whom we engage, including suppliers and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were to experience prolonged shutdowns or other business disruptions, including a slowdown in the effectiveness of our workforce due to illness or otherwise, our ability to conduct our business in the manner presently planned could be materially and negatively impacted. The COVID-19 outbreak has caused delays in the timing of our customers’ awarding of contracts to us, and while such delays have not yet had a significant impact on our business, there can be no assurances that any such delays would not have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations in the future. The COVID-19 pandemic could also cause delays or limits in the ability of our customers to make timely payments to us. Additionally, our government customers may have more limited resources available to purchase our products due to deteriorating economic conditions or due to the diversion of resources to other budget priorities, including efforts to address the COVID-19 pandemic. The future progression of the COVID-19 outbreak and its resulting effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations are uncertain and are continuing to be assessed.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On September 24, 2015, we announced that on September 23, 2015 our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (the “Share Repurchase Program”), pursuant to which we may repurchase up to $25.0 million of our common stock from time to time, in amounts and at prices we deem appropriate, subject to market conditions and other considerations. Share repurchases may be executed through open market transactions or negotiated purchases and may be made under a Rule 10b5-1 plan. There is no expiration date for the Share Repurchase Program. The Share Repurchase Program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended at any time by our Board of Directors. No shares were repurchased in the three months ended August 1, 2020. As of August 1, 2020, approximately $21.2 million remained authorized for future repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Table of Contents

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit Number		Description
3.1(1)		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of AeroVironment, Inc.
3.2(2)		Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of AeroVironment, Inc.
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2		Certification of Interim Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32#		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data Files because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

(1)	Incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q filed March 9, 2007 (File No. 001‑33261).

(2)	Incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed July 1, 2015 (File No. 001-33261).

# The information in Exhibit 32 shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (including this report), unless the Company specifically incorporates the foregoing information into those documents by reference.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


Date: September 9, 2020		AEROVIRONMENT, INC.

	By:	/s/ Wahid Nawabi
		Wahid Nawabi
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

		/s/ Kevin P. McDonnell
		Kevin P. McDonnell
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

I, Wahid Nawabi, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of AeroVironment, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: September 9, 2020

	/s/ Wahid Nawabi
	Wahid Nawabi
	President and Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

I, Kevin P. McDonnell, certify that:

I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of AeroVironment, Inc.;

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: September 9, 2020

	/s/ Kevin P. McDonnell
	Kevin P. McDonnell
	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32

Certification

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

(Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code)

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code) (the “Act”), each of the undersigned officers of AeroVironment, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to each such officer’s knowledge, that:

The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 1, 2020 (the “Periodic Report”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o(d)) and information contained in the Periodic Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


	/s/ Wahid Nawabi
	Wahid Nawabi
	President and Chief Executive Officer

	/s/ Kevin P. McDonnell
	Kevin P. McDonnell
	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Dated: September 9, 2020

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.